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The chemical reactions involved in ground-level ozone formation are a series of complex cycles in which carbon monoxide and VOCs are oxidised to water vapour and carbon dioxide. The reactions involved in this process are illustrated here with CO but similar reactions occur for VOC as well.
Ground-level ozone pollution (tropospheric ozone) is produced near the Earth's surface by the action of daylight UV rays on these precursors. The ozone at ground level is primarily from fossil fuel precursors, but methane is a natural precursor, and the very low natural background level of ozone at ground level is considered safe.
Once the concentration of NO x exceeds a certain level, atmospheric reactions result in net ozone formation. Since tropospheric ozone can absorb infrared radiation, this indirect effect of NO x is intensifying global warming. There are also other indirect effects of NO x that can either increase or decrease the greenhouse effect.
Triatomic oxygen (ozone, O 3) is a very reactive allotrope of oxygen that is a pale blue gas at standard temperature and pressure. Liquid and solid O 3 have a deeper blue color than ordinary O 2, and they are unstable and explosive. [5] [6] In its gas phase, ozone is destructive to materials like rubber and fabric and is damaging to lung tissue ...
Delivering ozone dissolved in liquids is not straight forward as ozone gas has limited solubility in water or oil. [15] When treating the water or other liquids themselves, the solubility is less of a problem as pure ozone gas can be discharged into the liquid until the desired effect is achieved. Charvet ozone generators in a laundry circa 1903
Most of the ozone production occurs in the tropical upper stratosphere and mesosphere. The total mass of ozone produced per day over the globe is about 400 million metric tons. The global mass of ozone is relatively constant at about 3 billion metric tons, meaning the Sun produces about 12% of the ozone layer each day. [1]
The Dobson unit (DU) is a unit of measurement of the amount of a trace gas in a vertical column through the Earth's atmosphere.It originated by, and continues to be primarily used in respect to, the study of atmospheric ozone, whose total column amount, usually termed "total ozone", and sometimes "column abundance", is dominated by the high concentrations of ozone in the stratospheric ozone layer.
Stage 3 (1.85–0.85 Ga): O 2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer. Stages 4 and 5 (0.85 Ga–present): O 2 sinks filled, the gas accumulates.