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Ventriculomegaly is a brain condition that mainly occurs in the fetus when the lateral ventricles become dilated. The most common definition uses a width of the atrium of the lateral ventricle of greater than 10 mm. [1] This occurs in around 1% of pregnancies. [2]
Hydrocephalus is difficult to detect clinically before delivery, although enlarged ventricles can be spotted on ultrasonography as early as 18-20 weeks gestation. [7] Since infants' skulls are not fully fused together at the cranial sutures yet, they have soft spots on their skulls known as open fontanelles . [ 8 ]
The preliminary diagnosis of PVL is often made using imaging technologies. In most hospitals, premature infants are examined with ultrasound soon after birth to check for brain damage. Severe white matter injury can be seen with a head ultrasound; however, the low sensitivity of this technology allows for some white matter damage to be missed.
Images showing an enlarged third ventricle along with a normally sized fourth ventricle (in a lateral view) is generally considered to be an indication of aqueductal stenosis, but this is still only presumption. [2] [3] CT scans are typically used after a shunt treatment in order to analyze ventricle size and determine if the device is working ...
A water-based gel is applied to the infant's head, over the anterior fontanelle, to aid conduction of ultrasound waves. Ideally scans are performed during sleep or when the infant is calm. The operator then uses an ultrasound probe to examine the baby's brain, viewing the images on a computer screen and recording them as necessary. [citation ...
The ventricles contained within the rhombencephalon become the fourth ventricle, and the ventricles contained within the mesencephalon become the aqueduct of Sylvius. Separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles is the septum pellucidum : a thin, triangular, vertical membrane which runs as a sheet from the corpus callosum down to the ...
A frontal horn cyst or connatal cyst is a cystic area in the brain. It is sometimes found in newborn babies with an incidence rate of 0.4-6%. It is adjacent to the superolateral margin of the body and frontal horn of the lateral ventricles, and is believed to represent a normal variant with no effect on neurological development.
Hydranencephaly is an extreme form of porencephaly, which is characterized by a cyst or cavity in the cerebral hemispheres. [citation needed]Although the exact cause of hydranencephaly remains undetermined in most cases, the most likely general cause is by vascular insult, such as stroke, injury, intrauterine infections, or traumatic disorders after the first trimester of pregnancy.