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An axo-axonic synapse is a type of synapse, formed by one neuron projecting its axon terminals onto another neuron's axon. [1]Axo-axonic synapses have been found and described more recently than the other more familiar types of synapses, such as axo-dendritic synapses and axo-somatic synapses.
Chandelier neurons synapse exclusively to the axonal initial segment of pyramidal neurons, near the site where action potential is generated. [6] It is believed that they provide inhibitory input to the pyramidal neurons, but there is data showing that in some circumstances the GABA from chandelier neurons could be excitatory. [7]
The vast majority of synapses in the mammalian nervous system are classical axo-dendritic synapses (axon synapsing upon a dendrite), however, a variety of other arrangements exist. These include but are not limited to [ clarification needed ] axo-axonic , dendro-dendritic , axo-secretory, axo-ciliary, [ 27 ] somato-dendritic, dendro-somatic ...
Presynaptic inhibition is a phenomenon in which an inhibitory neuron provides synaptic input to the axon of another neuron (axo-axonal synapse) to make it less likely to fire an action potential. Presynaptic inhibition occurs when an inhibitory neurotransmitter, like GABA, acts on GABA receptors on the axon terminal.
This is one example of a type of axo-axonic synapse. Somogyi followed this up to discover at least 21 types of connecting neurons (interneurons) in just part of the brain (hippocampus), each one of which formed synapses with specific parts of other neurons. [3]
Nationality: Spanish: Education: University of Zaragoza: Known for: Fathering modern neuroscience Discovery of the neuron Cajal body, Cajal–Retzius cell, Interstitial cell of Cajal, Neuron doctrine, Growth cone, Dendritic spine, Long-term potentiation, Mossy fiber, Neurotrophic theory, Axo-axonic synapse, Pioneer axon, Pyramidal cell, Radial glial cell, Retinal ganglion cell, Trisynaptic ...
An axo-axonal gated synapse: Neuron C gates the synapse between Neuron A and B. Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity .
English: A schematic of an axo-axonic synapse and an axo-dendritic synapse with both inhibitory neurons (red) and excitatory neurons (green) - both highlighted in blue. Date 28 July 2021