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  2. System of systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_systems

    System of systems is a collection of task-oriented or dedicated systems that pool their resources and capabilities together to create a new, more complex system which offers more functionality and performance than simply the sum of the constituent systems. Currently, systems of systems is a critical research discipline for which frames of ...

  3. Task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task-oriented_and...

    Task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership are two models which are often compared, as they are known to produce varying outcomes under different circumstances. Task-oriented (or task-focused) leadership is a behavioral approach in which the leader focuses on the tasks that need to be performed in order to meet certain goals, or to ...

  4. Task management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_management

    Task management may be a component of project management and process management, serving as the foundation for efficient workflow within an organization. Project managers adhering to task-oriented management have a detailed and up-to-date project schedule and are usually good at directing team members and moving the project forward. [2]

  5. SMART criteria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART_criteria

    S.M.A.R.T. (or SMART) is an acronym used as a mnemonic device to establish criteria for effective goal-setting and objective development. This framework is commonly applied in various fields, including project management, employee performance management, and personal development.

  6. Path–goal theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path–goal_theory

    The original path-goal theory identifies achievement-oriented, directive, participative, and supportive leader behaviors: The directive path-goal clarifying leader behavior refers to situations where the leader lets followers know what is expected of them and tells them how to perform their tasks. The theory argues that this behavior has the ...

  7. Michigan Studies of Leadership - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Studies_of_Leadership

    They also identified three critical characteristics of effective leaders – task-oriented behavior, relationship-oriented behavior and participative leadership. [2] The studies concluded that an employee orientation rather than a production orientation, coupled with general instead of close supervision, led to better results.

  8. Terms of reference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_reference

    Terms of reference (TOR) define the purpose and structures of a project, committee, meeting, negotiation, or any similar collection of people who have agreed to work together to accomplish a shared goal. [1] [2] Terms of reference show how the object in question will be defined, developed, and verified.

  9. Task (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_(computing)

    In non-interactive execution (batch processing), a task is a unit of execution within a job, [1] [2] with the task itself typically a process. The term " multitasking " primarily refers to the processing sense – multiple tasks executing at the same time – but has nuances of the work sense of multiple tasks being performed at the same time.