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Structural balance theory, proposed by the psychologist Fritz Heider in the 1940s, is a framework used to understand the dynamics of relationships within social networks. The theory focuses on the notion that individuals strive for consistency and harmony in their interpersonal relationships.
In the psychology of motivation, balance theory is a theory of attitude change, proposed by Fritz Heider. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It conceptualizes the cognitive consistency motive as a drive toward psychological balance.
Balance Theory was first developed by Heider with Gestalt influences. [5] Gestalt psychology posits that there is a tendency towards perceptual simplicity, such as symmetry and continuation. Heider extends this principle to social relations, where there are balanced and imbalanced states. [ 6 ]
Social psychology utilizes a wide range of specific theories for various kinds of social and cognitive phenomena. Here is a sampling of some of the more influential theories that can be found in this branch of psychology. Attribution theory – is concerned with the ways in which people explain (or attribute) the behaviour of others. The theory ...
Many other moral theories, in contrast, consider the mind alone, such as Kohlberg's state theory, identity theories, virtue theories, and willpower theories. The ecological perspective has methodological implications for the study of morality: According to it, behavior needs to be studied in social groups and not only in individuals, in natural ...
A giant of social psychology, Heider had few students, but his book on social perception had many readers, and its impact continues into the 21st Century, having been cited over 26,000 times. Heider introduced two theories that correspond to his two articles from 1944: attribution theory and cognitive balance.
In contrast to the dominant theories of morality in psychology at the time, the anthropologist Richard Shweder developed a set of theories emphasizing the cultural variability of moral judgments, but argued that different cultural forms of morality drew on "three distinct but coherent clusters of moral concerns", which he labeled as the ethics ...
Moral disengagement is a meaning from developmental psychology, educational psychology and social psychology for the process of convincing the self that ethical standards do not apply to oneself in a particular context. [1] [2] This is done by separating moral reactions from inhumane conduct and disabling the mechanism of self-condemnation. [3]