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If a patient with ER+ breast cancer develops endocrine resistance, the endocrine therapy used to treat the cancer will no longer be effective. Approximately 30-50% of ER+ breast cancer patients will relapse as a result of endocrine resistance, proving it to be a predominant challenge in the treatment of ER+ breast cancer patients. [19]
Elle Macpherson has revealed that she was diagnosed with breast cancer seven years ago and is now finally in remission. The supermodel, 60, said she refused to undergo chemotherapy treatment ...
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Mentally competent patients have a general right to refuse medical treatment. [ 71 ] [ 72 ] [ 73 ] All states in the U.S. allow for some form of involuntary treatment for mental illness or erratic behavior for short periods of time under emergency conditions, although criteria vary.
Informed refusal is where a person has refused a recommended medical treatment based upon an understanding of the facts and implications of not following the treatment. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Informed refusal is linked to the informed consent process, as a patient has a right to consent, but also may choose to refuse.
It generally affects about 10–40% of breast cancer patients, with higher rates among pre-menopausal women and patients who receive high-dose chemotherapy. [4] Additionally, there are high complaints of cognitive impairment in glioblastoma patients; 60–85% of patients report cancer-related cognitive impairments following surgery and ...
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