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Flour Water Salt Yeast: The Fundamentals of Artisan Bread and Pizza (Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed Press, 2012, ISBN 160774273X, 978-1607742739); The Elements of Pizza: Unlocking the Secrets to World-Class Pies at Home (Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed Press, 2016, ISBN 160774838X, 978-1607748380)
For example, in a recipe that calls for 10 pounds of flour and 5 pounds of water, the corresponding baker's percentages are 100% for the flour and 50% for the water. Because these percentages are stated with respect to the weight of flour rather than with respect to the weight of all ingredients, the sum of these percentages always exceeds 100%.
A flour-to-water ratio of 1-to-1 results in a relatively fluid ferment. Stiffer doughs, such as 2-to-1, may also be used. After mixing it is allowed to ferment for a period of time, and then is added to the final dough as a substitute for or in addition to more yeast.
When flour is mixed with water, the water-soluble proteins dissolve, leaving the glutenin and gliadin to form the structure of the resulting bread. When relatively dry dough is worked by kneading , or wet dough is allowed to rise for a long time (see no-knead bread ), the glutenin forms strands of long, thin, chainlike molecules, while the ...
The sponge's fermentation time depends on its temperature and that of the surrounding area, the ingredients used, and the percentage amount of yeast. It ferments in a humid environment at 74–78 °F (23–26 °C), where it may rise and expand to 4-5 times its original volume, when it falls it has reached 66-70% of its allotted time.
The publisher can control the percentage of the book available for preview, with the minimum being 20%. They can also choose to make the book fully viewable, and even allow users to download a PDF copy. Books can also be made available for sale on Google Play. [3]
Sourdough baking requires minimal equipment and simple ingredients – flour, salt, and water – but invites practice. [19] Purism is a part of the appeal. As described by one enthusiast, "If you take flour, water, (wild) yeast and salt, and play around with time and temperature, what comes out of the oven is something utterly transformed."
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the yeast commonly used as baker's yeast. Gradation marks are 1 μm apart.. Baker yeast is the common name for the strains of yeast commonly used in baking bread and other bakery products, serving as a leavening agent which causes the bread to rise (expand and become lighter and softer) by converting the fermentable sugars present in the dough into carbon dioxide and ...