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A pH controller is recommended to control the CO2. It works by connecting to the CO2 regulator on the CO2 tank and measuring the pH of the solution inside the reactor via a pH probe. The controller will turn on and off the flow of CO2 based on the pH inside the reactor. The pH range for the typical calcium reactor is 6.5–6.8.
In some fish, capillary blood flows in the opposite direction to the water, causing countercurrent exchange. The muscles on the sides of the pharynx push the oxygen-depleted water out the gill openings. In bony fish, the pumping of oxygen-poor water is aided by a bone that surrounds the gills called the operculum. [6]
Aquascaping is the craft of arranging aquatic plants, as well as rocks, stones, cavework, or driftwood, in an aesthetically pleasing manner within an aquarium—in effect, gardening under water. Aquascape designs include a number of distinct styles, including the garden-like Dutch style and the Japanese-inspired nature style. [ 1 ]
The concentration of oxygen in water is lower than air and it diffuses more slowly. In a litre of freshwater the oxygen content is 8 cm 3 per litre compared to 210 in the same volume of air. [7] Water is 777 times more dense than air and is 100 times more viscous. [7] Oxygen has a diffusion rate in air 10,000 times greater than in water. [7]
A close up of microalgae – Pavlova sp. An algae bioreactor is used for cultivating micro or macroalgae. Algae may be cultivated for the purposes of biomass production (as in a seaweed cultivator), wastewater treatment, CO 2 fixation, or aquarium/pond filtration in the form of an algae scrubber. [1]
Outbreaks can be reduced by operating multiple independent systems with the same building and isolating water to water contact between systems by cleaning equipment and personnel that move between systems. [15] Also the use of an Ultraviolet (UV) or ozone water treatment system reduces the number of free floating virus and bacteria in the ...