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Acetonitrile, often abbreviated MeCN (methyl cyanide), is the chemical compound with the formula CH 3 CN and structure H 3 C−C≡N. This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrogen cyanide is a simpler nitrile, but the cyanide anion is not classed as organic). It is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture.
Portion of the structure of the tetrachlorozincate (ZnCl 4 2−) salt of [Ni(MeCN) 6] 2+ [5] For the synthesis of some acetonitrile complexes, the nitrile serves as a reductant. This method is illustrated by the conversion of molybdenum pentachloride to the molybdenum(IV) complex: [6] 2 MoCl 5 + 5 CH 3 CN → 2 MoCl 4 (CH 3 CN) 2 + ClCH 2 CN + HCl
Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate is a salt with the formula [Cu(CH 3 CN) 4]PF 6. It is a colourless solid that is used in the synthesis of other copper complexes. The cation [Cu(CH 3 CN) 4] + is a well-known example of a transition metal nitrile complex. [1]
Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths , bond angles , torsional angles and any other geometrical parameters that determine the position of each atom.
[1]: 416 The geometry of the central atoms and their non-bonding electron pairs in turn determine the geometry of the larger whole molecule. The number of electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom is determined after drawing the Lewis structure of the molecule, and expanding it to show all bonding groups and lone pairs of electrons.
A carbon–nitrogen bond is a covalent bond between carbon and nitrogen and is one of the most abundant bonds in organic chemistry and biochemistry. [1]Nitrogen has five valence electrons and in simple amines it is trivalent, with the two remaining electrons forming a lone pair.
Lewis structure is best used to calculate formal charges or how atoms bond to each other as both electrons and bonds are shown. Lewis structures give an idea of the molecular and electronic geometry which varies based on the presence of bonds and lone pairs and through this one could determine the bond angles and hybridization as well.
This book contains predicted electron configurations for the elements up to 172, as well as 184, based on relativistic Dirac–Fock calculations by B. Fricke in Fricke, B. (1975). Dunitz, J. D. (ed.). "Superheavy elements a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Structure and Bonding. 21. Berlin: Springer-Verlag: 89– 144.