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The fourth thoracic vertebra, together with the fifth, is at the same level as the sternal angle. The thoracic spinal nerve 4 (T4) passes inferior it. A thoracic spine X-ray of a 57-year-old male. Surface orientation of T3 and T7, at middle of spine of scapula and at inferior angle of the scapula, respectively.
The thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia or thoracodorsal fascia) is a complex, [1]: 1137 multilayer arrangement of fascial and aponeurotic layers forming a separation between the paraspinal muscles on one side, and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall (quadratus lumborum, and psoas major [1]: 1137 ) on the other.
The thoracolumbar spine or thoracolumbar division refers to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae together, and sometimes also their surrounding areas. The thoracic vertebrae attach to ribs and so have articular facets specific to them; these are the superior, transverse and inferior costal facets. As the vertebrae progress down the spine they ...
The number of vertebrae in a region can vary but overall the number remains the same. In a human spinal column, there are normally 33 vertebrae. [3] The upper 24 pre-sacral vertebrae are articulating and separated from each other by intervertebral discs, and the lower nine are fused in adults, five in the sacrum and four in the coccyx, or tailbone.
Adopting a forward head and rounded shoulders posture places increased stress on the neck (cervical spine), mid-back (thoracic spine) and low back (lumbar spine), Dr. Halfman explains.
In the thoracic region, the posterior layer (i.e. thoracic part of thoracolumbar fascia) attaches to the supraspinous ligament and spinous processes of all thoracic vertebrae, and to the costal angles of all ribs. It extends as far superiorly as the inferior part of the neck. [1]: 274
Maigne, R. Low back pain of thoracolumbar origin (T11-T12-L1). In: Maigne, R., Second Edition: Diagnosis and Treatment of Pain of Vertebral Origin. Taylor and Francis Group, 2006:289–98. McCall IW, Park WH, O’Brien JP. Induced pain referral from posterior lumbar elements in normal subjects. Spine 1979;4441–6.
In the thoracic and lumbar spine, the facet joints are innervated by the medial branch nerves from the vertebral segment above the upper segment and the upper segment. For example, the facet joint between T1 and T2 is innervated by C8 and T1 medial branch nerves. Facet joint between L1 and L2; the T12 and L1 medial branch nerves.