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A feed pump takes aquarium water into the reactor, controlling the volume of water exchange. This is important because a high rate of water flow into the reactor can reduce its efficiency, thus resulting in underproduction and a waste of CO 2. Some reactors siphon water into the input of the reactor's re-circulation pump.
This can be accomplished with a simple homemade system (using a bottle filled with yeast, warm water, and sugar, connected to an airstone in the aquarium), or, more commonly, with a pressurized CO 2 tank that diffuses a set amount of carbon dioxide into the aquarium water.
Fundamentally, this kind of bioreactor is based on the photosynthetic reaction, which is performed by the chlorophyll-containing algae itself using dissolved carbon dioxide and sunlight. The carbon dioxide is dispersed into the reactor fluid to make it accessible to the algae. The bioreactor has to be made out of transparent material.
Periodic removal of the algae that has grown inside of an algae scrubber removes nutrients (ammonia, nitrate, phosphate) from the aquarium water, thus providing the needed filtration. An algae scrubber is a water filtering device which uses light to grow algae ; in this process, undesirable chemicals are removed from the water. [ 1 ]
Keeping the pH in a suitable range (5.0-9.0 for freshwater systems) is crucial to maintain the health of both the fish and biofilter. pH is typically controlled by the addition of alkalinity in the form of lime (CaCO 3) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH). A low pH will lead to high levels of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2), which can prove toxic to fish.
The Berlin Method of biological filtration is a method for maintaining a clean and stable environment within a saltwater aquarium, typically a coral reef system. This method relies on the use of ample live rock (rock with live marine organisms and bacteria on or in it).
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A carbon dioxide scrubber is a piece of equipment that absorbs carbon dioxide (CO 2). It is used to treat exhaust gases from industrial plants or from exhaled air in life support systems such as rebreathers or in spacecraft , submersible craft or airtight chambers .