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Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; [1] [6] it is a type of viral hepatitis. [7] It can cause both acute and chronic infection . [ 1 ]
The structure of hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B virus is a member of the Hepadnavirus family. [11] The virus particle, called Dane particle [12] (), consists of an outer lipid envelope and an icosahedral nucleocapsid core composed of protein.
The genome organisation of HBV; the genes overlap. ORF X, in yellow, encodes HBx. HBx is a hepatitis B viral protein. [1] [2] It is 154 amino acids long and interferes with transcription, signal transduction, cell cycle progress, protein degradation, apoptosis and chromosomal stability in the host.
Hepatitis B is the most common cause of viral hepatitis in the world with more than 240 million chronic carriers of the virus, 1 million of whom are in the United States. [30] [105] In approximately two-thirds of patients who develop acute hepatitis B infection, no identifiable exposure is evident. [17]
Hepadnaviruses, as their "hepa" name implies, infect liver cells and cause hepatitis. This is true not only of the human pathogen Hepatitis B Virus but also the hepadnaviruses that infect other organisms. The "adhesion" step of the dynamic phase—in which an exterior viral protein stably interacts with a host cell protein—determines cell ...
Viral hepatitis, primarily hepatitis B and hepatitis C, remains a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer worldwide, despite advances in antiviral therapies and vaccination efforts. [50] Additionally, recent studies have highlighted lean steatotic liver disease (SLD), a subset of NAFLD, affecting over 12% of U.S. adults even in the ...
Hepatology: “Toward a More Accurate Estimate of the Prevalence of Hepatitis C in the United States.” Mayo Clinic: “Hepatitis C Symptoms and Causes.” World Health Organization: “Hepatitis ...
HBeAg is a hepatitis B viral protein, produced by the HBcAg reading frame. It is an indicator of active viral replication ; this means the person infected with Hepatitis B can likely transmit the virus on to another person (i.e. the person is infectious).