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This fossa is the point of insertion of four muscles. Moving from the inferior-most to the superior-most, they are: the tendon of the obturator externus muscle, the obturator internus, the superior gemellus and inferior gemellus. The width and depth of the trochanteric fossa varies taxonomically. [1] [2] [3]
Anterior and superior to the trochanteric fossa is a shallower depression known as the Unnamed Fossa. The Unnamed Fossa is the insertion point of the Superior Gemellus, Obturator Internus and Inferior Gemellus, which all act as lateral rotators of the thigh. The lesser trochanter is a cone-shaped extension of the lowest part of the femur neck.
The medial surface, of much less extent than the lateral, presents at its base a deep depression, the trochanteric fossa (digital fossa), for the insertion of the tendon of the obturator externus, and above and in front of this an impression for the insertion of the obturator internus and superior and inferior gemellus muscles.
The stern of Ancient Greek Triremes was raised and faced back forward being very prominent. The anatomical term “trochanter” (the bony protrusions on the femur) derives from the Greek τροχαντήρ (trochantḗr) [1].
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS), a form of bursitis, is inflammation of the trochanteric bursa, a part of the hip. This bursa is at the top, outer side of the femur , between the insertion of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles into the greater trochanter of the femur and the femoral shaft .
The iliofemoral ligament — the largest ligament of the human body — attaches above the line. [3] The lower half, less prominent than the upper half, gives origin to the upper part of the vastus medialis.
The greater trochanter can easily be felt. The trochanteric fossa is a deep depression bounded posteriorly by the intertrochanteric crest on the medial surface of the greater trochanter. The lesser trochanter is a cone-shaped extension of the lowest part of the femur neck.
Studying fossils of Ardipithecus ramidus (a chimpanzee–human last common ancestor candidate), Lovejoy et al. 2009 noted that in this species—as well as in Proconsul, Nacholapithecus, and Dryopithecus (Miocene primates)—homologs to the third trochanter and the hypotrochanteric fossa [5] are present while both traits are absent in extant apes.