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Wheat is a group of wild and domesticated grasses of the genus Triticum (/ ˈ t r ɪ t ɪ k ə m /). [3] They are cultivated for their cereal grains, which are staple foods around the world. Well-known wheat species and hybrids include the most widely grown common wheat (T. aestivum), spelt, durum, emmer, einkorn, and Khorasan or Kamut.
Common wheat was first domesticated in West Asia during the early Holocene, and spread from there to North Africa, Europe and East Asia in the prehistoric period. [citation needed] Naked wheats (including Triticum aestivum, T. durum, and T. turgidum) were found in Roman burial sites ranging from 100 BCE to 300 CE.
The following international wheat production statistics come from the Food and Agriculture Organization figures from FAOSTAT database, older from International Grains Council figures from the report "Grain Market Report". The quantities of wheat in the following table are in million metric tonnes. All countries with a typical production ...
According to Ricardo Alegria, wheat was first cultivated in New Spain by Afro-Spanish conquistador Juan Garrido in the 16th century. [5]Although it was first introduced to the Western Hemisphere soon after the discovery of the New World, wheat came to be grown in North American soil only during the colonial period. [6]
A Vavilov center or center of origin is a geographical area where a group of organisms, either domesticated or wild, first developed its distinctive properties. [1] They are also considered centers of diversity. Centers of origin were first identified in 1924 by Nikolai Vavilov.
(bottom) millet, wheat, rye, triticale. A cereal is a grass cultivated for its edible grain. Cereals are the world's largest crops, and are therefore staple foods. They include rice, wheat, rye, oats, barley, millet, and maize. Edible grains from other plant families, such as buckwheat and quinoa, are pseudocereals.
Genetic analysis has shown that the original hexaploid wheats were the result of a cross between a tetraploid domesticated wheat, such as T. dicoccum or T. durum, and a wild goatgrass, such as Ae. tauschii. [8] Polyploidy is important to wheat classification for three reasons: Wheats within one ploidy level will be more closely related to each ...
In 1988, the Israeli botanist Daniel Zohary and the German botanist Maria Hopf formulated their founder crops hypothesis. They proposed that eight plant species were domesticated by early Neolithic farming communities in Southwest Asia (Fertile Crescent) and went on to form the basis of agricultural economies across much of Eurasia, including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Europe, and North ...