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Antiestrogens, also known as estrogen antagonists or estrogen blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent estrogens like estradiol from mediating their biological effects in the body. They act by blocking the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or inhibiting or suppressing estrogen production .
Diethylstilbestrol (DES), also known as stilbestrol or stilboestrol, is a nonsteroidal estrogen medication, which is presently rarely used. [5] [6] [7] In the past, it was widely used for a variety of indications, including pregnancy support for those with a history of recurrent miscarriage, hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and estrogen deficiency, treatment of prostate cancer and ...
Any circulating estrogen in post-menopausal women as well as men is the result of estrogen escaping local metabolism and entering the circulatory system. [ 12 ] Exemestane is an irreversible, steroidal aromatase inactivator of type I, structurally related to the natural substrate 4-androstenedione .
SERMs like tamoxifen attach to receptors on the cancer cells which blocks estrogen from attaching to the receptors. Tamoxifen is successful in lowering breast cancer reoccurrence rates, breast cancer occurrence in the opposite breast, and death from breast cancer in cases of hormone receptor-positive and hormone-sensitive cancer . [ 9 ]
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), also known as estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists (ERAAs), [1] [2] are a class of drugs that act on estrogen receptors (ERs). [3] Compared to pure ER agonists – antagonists (e.g., full agonists and silent antagonists ), SERMs are more tissue-specific, allowing them to selectively inhibit or ...
This is the progestogen component of the first oral contraceptive to be offered for sale (i.e., Enovid). Treatment of the ethynyl enol ether with strong acid leads to norethisterone (6). [19] In practice, these and all other combined oral contraceptives are mixtures of 1 to 2% EE or mestranol and an oral progestin