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The data link layer is concerned with local delivery of frames between nodes on the same level of the network. Data-link frames, as these protocol data units are called, do not cross the boundaries of a local area network. Inter-network routing and global addressing are higher-layer functions, allowing data-link protocols to focus on local ...
A number of layer-management protocols, a function defined in the management annex, ISO 7498/4, belong to the network layer. These include routing protocols, multicast group management, network-layer information and error, and network-layer address assignment.
Switching uses different kinds of network switches. A standard switch is known as a layer-2 switch and is commonly found in nearly any LAN. Layer-3 or layer-4 switches require advanced technology (see managed switch) and are more expensive and thus are usually only found in larger LANs or in special network environments.
Generic Routing Encapsulation: RFC 2784, RFC 2890: 0x30 48 DSR Dynamic Source Routing Protocol RFC 4728: 0x31 49 BNA Burroughs Network Architecture 0x32 50 ESP Encapsulating Security Payload: RFC 4303: 0x33 51 AH Authentication Header: RFC 4302: 0x34 52 I-NLSP Integrated Net Layer Security Protocol: TUBA 0x35 53 SwIPe SwIPe: RFC 5237: 0x36 54 NARP
2 Layer 2 (data link layer) 3 Network Topology. 4 Layer 2.5. 5 Layer 3 (Network Layer) ... RIP Routing Information Protocol (v1 and v2) OSPF Open Shortest Path First ...
Routing protocols, according to the OSI routing framework, are layer management protocols for the network layer, regardless of their transport mechanism: IS-IS runs on the data link layer (Layer 2) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is encapsulated in IP, but runs only on the IPv4 subnet, while the IPv6 version runs on the link using only link ...
802.3 Ethernet packet and frame structure Layer Preamble Start frame delimiter (SFD) MAC destination MAC source 802.1Q tag (optional) Ethertype (Ethernet II) or length (IEEE 802.3) Payload Frame check sequence (32‑bit CRC) Interpacket gap (IPG) Length 7: 1: 6: 6 (4) 2: 42–1500 [c] 4: 12 Layer 2 Ethernet frame (not part of the frame) ← 64 ...
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, packet strictly refers to a protocol data unit at layer 3, the network layer. [2] A data unit at layer 2, the data link layer , is a frame . In layer 4, the transport layer , the data units are segments and datagrams .