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Evaluation of discriminant (divergent) validity – The construct being measured by a test should not correlate highly with different constructs. Trait-method unit - Each task or test used in measuring a construct is considered a trait-method unit; in that the variance contained in the measure is part trait, and part method.
Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ, lowercase Greek kappa) is a statistic that is used to measure inter-rater reliability (and also intra-rater reliability) for qualitative (categorical) items. [1] It is generally thought to be a more robust measure than simple percent agreement calculation, as κ takes into account the possibility of the agreement ...
The validity of a measurement tool (for example, a test in education) is the degree to which the tool measures what it claims to measure. [3] Validity is based on the strength of a collection of different types of evidence (e.g. face validity, construct validity, etc.) described in greater detail below.
Krippendorff's alpha coefficient, [1] named after academic Klaus Krippendorff, is a statistical measure of the agreement achieved when coding a set of units of analysis.. Since the 1970s, alpha has been used in content analysis where textual units are categorized by trained readers, in counseling and survey research where experts code open-ended interview data into analyzable terms, in ...
Predicted reliability, ′, is estimated as: ′ = ′ + ′ where n is the number of "tests" combined (see below) and ′ is the reliability of the current "test". The formula predicts the reliability of a new test composed by replicating the current test n times (or, equivalently, creating a test with n parallel forms of the current exam).
Scott's pi (named after William A Scott) is a statistic for measuring inter-rater reliability for nominal data in communication studies.Textual entities are annotated with categories by different annotators, and various measures are used to assess the extent of agreement between the annotators, one of which is Scott's pi.
Cronbach's alpha (Cronbach's ), also known as tau-equivalent reliability or coefficient alpha (coefficient ), is a reliability coefficient and a measure of the internal consistency of tests and measures.
For example, the lack-of-fit test for assessing the correctness of the functional part of the model can aid in interpreting a borderline residual plot. One common situation when numerical validation methods take precedence over graphical methods is when the number of parameters being estimated is relatively close to the size of the data set.