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During the Killian documents controversy in 2004, the authenticity of the documents themselves was disputed by a variety of individuals and groups. Proof of authenticity is not possible without original documents, and since CBS used only faxed and photocopied duplicates, authentication to professional standards would be impossible regardless of the provenance of the originals.
[2] [3] According to Blackstone's Criminal Practice, the best evidence rule in England and Wales, as used in earlier centuries, "is now all but defunct." [4] Lord Denning MR said that "nowadays we do not confine ourselves to the best evidence. We admit all relevant evidence. The goodness or badness of it goes only to weight and not to ...
In digital security, non-repudiation means: [4] A service that provides proof of the integrity and origin of data. An authentication that can be said to be genuine with high confidence. An authentication that the data is available under specific circumstances, or for a period of time: data availability. [5]
Documentary evidence is any evidence that is, or can be, introduced at a trial in the form of documents, as distinguished from oral testimony.Documentary evidence is most widely understood to refer to writings on paper (such as an invoice, a contract or a will), but the term can also apply to any media by which information can be preserved, such as photographs; a medium that needs a mechanical ...
Exemplified certified copy of Decree Absolute issued by the Family Court Deputy District Judge – divorce certificate. A certified copy is a copy (often a photocopy) of a primary document that has on it an endorsement or certificate that it is a true copy of the primary document. It does not certify that the primary document is genuine, only ...
An exemplified copy (or exemplification) is an official attested copy or transcript of a public instrument, made under the seal and original pen-in-hand signature [1] of a court or public functionary [2] and in the name of the sovereign, [3] for example, "The People of the State of Oklahoma". Exemplifications can only be attested and executed ...
[2] The Old Testament demanded at least two witnesses for conviction of a crime. [3] [4] Ancient Roman law allowed freedom to judges to evaluate evidence, but insisted that "proof is incumbent on the party who affirms a fact, not on him who denies it" and "no-one should be convicted on suspicion". [5]
A self-authenticating document, under the law of evidence in the United States, is any document that can be admitted into evidence at a trial without proof being submitted to support the claim that the document is what it appears to be.