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In early versions of Unix the root directory was the home directory of the root user, but modern Unix usually uses another directory such as /root for this purpose. In keeping with Unix philosophy, Unix systems treat directories as a type of file. [3]
The most common special file is the directory. The layout of a directory file is defined by the filesystem used. As several filesystems are available under Unix, both native and non-native, there is no one directory file layout. A directory is marked with a d as the first letter in the mode field in the output of ls -dl [5] or stat, e.g.
The filesystem appears as one rooted tree of directories. [1] Instead of addressing separate volumes such as disk partitions, removable media, and network shares as separate trees (as done in DOS and Windows: each drive has a drive letter that denotes the root of its file system tree), such volumes can be mounted on a directory, causing the volume's file system tree to appear as that directory ...
Directory for temporary files (see also /var/tmp). Often not preserved between system reboots and may be severely size-restricted. /usr: Secondary hierarchy for read-only user data; contains the majority of user utilities and applications. Should be shareable and read-only. [9] [10] /usr/bin
Early Unix filesystems were referred to simply as FS.FS only included the boot block, superblock, a clump of inodes, and the data blocks.This worked well for the small disks early Unixes were designed for, but as technology advanced and disks grew larger, moving the head back and forth between the clump of inodes and the data blocks they referred to caused thrashing.
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS) Bell Labs: 1972 Version 6 Unix: RT-11 file system DEC: ... Allowable characters in directory entries [cc] Maximum pathname length ...
In Unix-like operating systems, any file or folder that starts with a dot character (for example, /home/user/.config), commonly called a dot file or dotfile, is to be treated as hidden – that is, the ls command does not display them unless the -a or -A flags (ls -a or ls -A) are used. [5]
View of the root directory in the OpenIndiana operating system. In a computer file system, and primarily used in the Unix and Unix-like operating systems, the root directory is the first or top-most directory in a hierarchy. [1] It can be likened to the trunk of a tree, as the starting point where all branches originate from.