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In clinical diagnostic and functional development, special needs (or additional needs) refers to individuals who require assistance for disabilities that may be medical, mental, or psychological. Guidelines for clinical diagnosis are given in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of ...
CSHCN face more difficulties with accessing mental health care [3] as well as having a medical home. A medical home is one of the standards of administering healthcare recommended by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau. [5] In school, these children have an increased risk of missing class, being disengaged in the classroom, and repeating a ...
Intellectual disability, also known as general learning disability, a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder; Learning disability, where a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner; Mental disorder, also called mental illness or psychiatric disorder, a behavioral or mental pattern that causes impairment of personal functioning
Chronic illness can affect a child's development at any stage. During infancy and childhood chronic illness can be detrimental to the development of secure attachment, interpersonal trust, self-regulation, and/or peer relation skills. During middle adolescence, chronic illness can prevent a child from being in school on a regular basis.
Medical professionals and institutions, who wield expertise over health, have the ability to define health and physical and mental norms. When an individual has a feature that creates an impairment, restriction, or limitation from reaching the social definition of health, the individual is labeled as disabled.
Typically, children with mental health disorders are first exposed to stigma within their family unit before later being exposed to it in the school setting and the public. [25] While some may view stigma as a minor problem when looking at the other obstacles children with mental illness may face, others view it as a major problem because of ...
Children with disabilities have challenges in accessing play and social interactions. [27] Play is essential for the physical, emotional, and social well-being of all children. [ 28 ] The use of assistive technology has been recommended to facilitate the communication, mobility, and independence of children with disabilities. [ 29 ]
Mental illness was a label for most people with any type of disorder and it was common for people with emotional and behavioral disorders to be labeled with a mental illness. [9] However, those terms were avoided when describing children as it seemed too stigmatizing. In the late 1900s the term "behaviorally disordered" appeared.