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Septic arthritis is the purulent invasion of a joint by an infectious agent [5] [6] with a resultant large effusion due to inflammation. [7] Septic arthritis is a serious condition. It can lead to irreversible joint damage in the event of delayed diagnosis or mismanagement. It is basically a disease of children and adolescence. [6]
This condition normally affects the musculoskeletal system, and commonly manifests in lower extremities, including but not limited to the feet, ankle joints, knee joints, and hip joints. [2] [7] Common signs and symptoms include pain, joint swelling, and limited joint functionality. [8]
Joint pain is a common symptom we all experience at some point or another. Painful joints can have a significant impact on quality of life and the ability to do daily activities.
Others – Fungal and mycobacterial infections are rare causes of septic arthritis and usually have a slow onset of joint symptoms. Mycobacterial joint infection most commonly affects hip and knee joints, caused by reactivation of past mycobacterial infections, with or without signs and symptoms of tuberculosis in lungs.
Repeated, periodic joint effusions of the knee. Usually one knee is affected but sometimes both knees. Other joints may also be involved along with the knee. Effusions are large, restricting range of motion but significant pain is not a feature. There is usually stiffness. Tenderness of the joint may or may not be present. [1]
Osteoarthritis commonly affects the hands, feet, spine, and the large weight-bearing joints, such as the hips and knees, although in theory, any joint in the body can be affected. As osteoarthritis progresses, movement patterns (such as gait), are typically affected. [1] Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of a joint effusion of the knee. [15]
General symptoms are stiffness, swelling, synovial effusion, pain, redness, tenderness, grinding, instability and intra-articular bleeding of the injured joint. [1] [11] As a result of these symptoms, post-traumatic arthritis often comes along with the loss of ability.
Arthrocentesis, or joint aspiration, is the clinical procedure performed to diagnose and, in some cases, treat musculoskeletal conditions. The procedure entails using a syringe to collect synovial fluid from or inject medication into the joint capsule .