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In formal language theory, an alphabet, sometimes called a vocabulary, is a non-empty set of indivisible symbols/characters/glyphs, [1] typically thought of as representing letters, characters, digits, phonemes, or even words.
An alphabet, in the context of formal languages, can be any set; its elements are called letters. An alphabet may contain an infinite number of elements; [ note 1 ] however, most definitions in formal language theory specify alphabets with a finite number of elements, and many results apply only to them.
Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according to certain common features.. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the languages in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name.
Modern English is written with a Latin-script alphabet consisting of 26 letters, with each having both uppercase and lowercase forms. The word alphabet is a compound of alpha and beta, the names of the first two letters in the Greek alphabet. Old English was first written down using the Latin alphabet during the 7th century. During the ...
A formal grammar describes which strings from an alphabet of a formal language are valid according to the language's syntax. A grammar does not describe the meaning of the strings or what can be done with them in whatever context—only their form. A formal grammar is defined as a set of production rules for such strings in a formal language.
The set of formal symbols in a formal language is referred to as an alphabet (hence each symbol may be referred to as a "letter") [1] [page needed] A formal symbol as used in first-order logic may be a variable (member from a universe of discourse), a constant, a function (mapping to another member of universe) or a predicate (mapping to T/F).
However, there are only 26 letters in the modern English alphabet, so there is not a one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds. Many sounds are spelled using different letters or multiple letters, and for those words whose pronunciation is predictable from the spelling, the sounds denoted by the letters depend on the surrounding letters.
Alphabet (formal languages) Ambiguous grammar; Antimatroid; Arden's rule; Attribute grammar; Augmented Backus–Naur form; Autocorrelation (words) B. Backus–Naur ...