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The name Charlemagne, as the emperor is normally known in English, comes from the French Charles-le-magne ('Charles the Great'). [3] In modern German and Dutch, he is known as Karl der Große and Karel de Grote respectively. [4] The Latin epithet magnus ('great') may have been associated with him during his lifetime, but this is not certain.
The Holy Roman Empire was established in 962 under Otto the Great. Later emperors were crowned by the pope or other Catholic bishops. In 1530 Charles V became the last Holy Roman emperor to be crowned by a pope, Clement VII, albeit in Bologna. Thereafter, until the abolition of the empire in 1806, no further crownings by the pope were held.
The picture is anachronistic, since the crown was made a century and a half after Charlemagne's death. The crown of eight hinged golden plates was probably made in Western Germany for the Imperial coronation of Otto I in 962, [1] with what must be later additions which may have been made for Conrad II (since the arch is inscribed with the name ...
The Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire or Reichskrone, probably made for the coronation of Otto the Great in 962 at the workshops of the imperial monastery of Reichenau, was also later identified as the Crown of Charlemagne and as such appeared on the escutcheon of the Arch-Treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire and at the top of the coat of ...
On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne Roman emperor, reviving the title more than three centuries after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476. [18] The title lapsed in 924, but was revived in 962 when Otto I was crowned emperor by Pope John XII, as Charlemagne's and the Carolingian Empire's successor.
Behind Charlemagne, a child page holds the royal crown that he just took off to receive the imperial one. It is quite likely that the fresco refers to the Concordat of Bologna, negotiated between the Holy See and the kingdom of France in 1515, since Leo III is in fact a portrait of Leo X and Charlemagne a portrait of Francis I. [3]
The Archbishop of Reims took the Crown of Charlemagne from the altar and says the forms "God crown thee with a crown of glory, etc.", "Receive this crown, etc." (a conflation of the old French and the Roman forms) and set it on the king's head, while the other eleven peers touched it with their right hands.
Refusing to recognize the Eastern Empire, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as emperor. Though the Roman Empire is an example of a universal monarchy, the idea is not exclusive to the Romans, having been expressed in unrelated entities such as the Aztec Empire and in earlier realms such as the Persian and Assyrian Empires.