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Dense-rock equivalent (DRE) is a volcanologic calculation used to estimate volcanic eruption volume. One of the widely accepted measures of the size of a historic or prehistoric eruption is the volume of magma ejected as pumice and volcanic ash, known as tephra during an explosive phase of the eruption, or the volume of lava extruded during an effusive phase of a volcanic eruption.
Clickable imagemap of notable volcanic eruptions. The apparent volume of each bubble is linearly proportional to the volume of tephra ejected, colour-coded by time of eruption as in the legend. Pink lines denote convergent boundaries , blue lines denote divergent boundaries and yellow spots denote hotspots .
GVP's volcano and eruption databases constitute a foundation for all statistical statements concerning locations, frequencies, and magnitudes of Earth's volcanic eruptions during the last 10,000 years. Three print editions of Volcanoes of the World were published based on the GVP data in 1981, [3] 1994 [4] and 2010. [5]
Name of the eruption. The conventions for naming relatively modern eruptions is to use "[Year] eruption of [volcano]". See for instance 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. If the timing is incomplete (common for extremely old eruptions), use as specific a time period as you may in place of the year.
Supervolcano – Volcano that has had an eruption with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 8; Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt – Active volcanic belt that covers central-southern Mexico; Volcanic arc – Chain of volcanoes formed above a subducting plate; Volcanic explosivity index – Predictive Qualitative scale for explosiveness of volcanic ...
Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, especially active ones, to observe volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice), rock and lava samples. One major focus of enquiry is the prediction of eruptions; there is currently no accurate way to do this, but predicting or forecasting eruptions, like ...
The volcanic island of Anak Krakatau in Indonesia saw an eruption on 22 December 2018 which caused a deadly tsunami, with waves surging up to five meters in height. The tsunami killed at least 437 ...
Prediction of volcanic activity, and volcanic eruption forecasting, is an interdisciplinary monitoring and research effort to predict the time and severity of a volcano's eruption. Of particular importance is the prediction of hazardous eruptions that could lead to catastrophic loss of life, property, and disruption of human activities.