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Community psychology is concerned with the community as the unit of study. This contrasts with most psychology, which focuses on the individual.Community psychology also studies the community as a context for the individuals within it, [1] and the relationships of the individual to communities and society.
For Sarason, psychological sense of community is "the perception of similarity to others, an acknowledged interdependence with others, a willingness to maintain this interdependence by giving to or doing for others what one expects from them, and the feeling that one is part of a larger dependable and stable structure".
The first meaning is an informal definition of community as a place where people used to live. In this literal sense it is synonymous with the concept of an ancient settlement—whether a hamlet, village, town, or city.
The distinction between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft was a large part of the discussion and debate about what constitutes community, among heavily influenced social theorists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century such as Georg Simmel, Émile Durkheim and Max Weber. [12]
Dunbar's number has become of interest in anthropology, evolutionary psychology, [12] statistics, and business management.For example, developers of social software are interested in it, as they need to know the size of social networks their software needs to take into account; and in the modern military, operational psychologists seek such data to support or refute policies related to ...
Social psychologist Muzafer Sherif proposed to define a social unit as a number of individuals interacting with each other with respect to: [6] Common motives and goals; An accepted division of labor, i.e. roles; Established status (social rank, dominance) relationships; Accepted norms and values with reference to matters relevant to the group
The history of group dynamics (or group processes) [2] has a consistent, underlying premise: "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts." A social group is an entity that has qualities which cannot be understood just by studying the individuals that make up the group.
In the social sciences, social groups can be categorized based on the various group dynamics that define social organization. [1] In sociological terms, groups can fundamentally be distinguished from one another by the extent to which their nature influence individuals and how.