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The five-number summary gives information about the location (from the median), spread (from the quartiles) and range (from the sample minimum and maximum) of the observations. Since it reports order statistics (rather than, say, the mean) the five-number summary is appropriate for ordinal measurements , as well as interval and ratio measurements.
Microsoft Excel QUARTILE.EXC Method 4 Microsoft Excel QUARTILE.INC Method 3 TI-8X series calculators 1-Var Stats Method 1 R fivenum Method 2 R quantile (default) Method 4 Python numpy.percentile Method 4 (with n−1) Python pandas.DataFrame.describe Method 3
Pandas (styled as pandas) is a software library written for the Python programming language for data manipulation and analysis. In particular, it offers data structures and operations for manipulating numerical tables and time series .
R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization. It has been adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics and data analysis. [9] The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages, containing reusable code, documentation, and sample data. R software is open-source and free software.
Boxplot (with an interquartile range) and a probability density function (pdf) of a Normal N(0,σ 2) Population. In descriptive statistics, the interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of statistical dispersion, which is the spread of the data. [1] The IQR may also be called the midspread, middle 50%, fourth spread, or H‑spread.
Python data analysis toolkit pandas has the function pivot_table [16] and the xs method useful to obtain sections of pivot tables. [citation needed] R has the Tidyverse metapackage, which contains a collection of tools providing pivot table functionality, [17] [18] as well as the pivottabler package. [19]
Spreadsheets including Apple Numbers, LibreOffice Calc, and Apache OpenOffice Calc. Microsoft Excel also supports a dialect of CSV with restrictions in comparison to other spreadsheet software (e.g., as of 2019 Excel still cannot export CSV files in the commonly used UTF-8 character encoding, and separator is not enforced to be the comma).
A common collection of order statistics used as summary statistics are the five-number summary, sometimes extended to a seven-number summary, and the associated box plot. Entries in an analysis of variance table can also be regarded as summary statistics. [1]: 378