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It is common in particle physics, where units of mass and energy are often interchanged, to express mass in units of eV/c 2, where c is the speed of light in vacuum (from E = mc 2). It is common to informally express mass in terms of eV as a unit of mass, effectively using a system of natural units with c set to 1. [3] The kilogram equivalent ...
Energy; system unit code (alternative) symbol or abbrev. notes sample default conversion combinations SI: yottajoule: YJ YJ 1.0 YJ (2.8 × 10 17 kWh) zettajoule: ZJ ZJ 1.0 ZJ (2.8 × 10 14 kWh)
Other units sometimes used to describe reaction energetics are kilocalories per mole (kcal·mol −1), electron volts per particle (eV), and wavenumbers in inverse centimeters (cm −1). 1 kJ·mol −1 is approximately equal to 1.04 × 10 −2 eV per particle, 0.239 kcal·mol −1, or 83.6 cm −1.
The first of these quantities is used in atomic physics, the second in chemistry, but both refer to the same basic property of the element. To convert from "value of ionization energy" to the corresponding "value of molar ionization energy", the conversion is: 1 eV = 96.48534 kJ/mol 1 kJ/mol = 0.0103642688 eV [12]
kT (also written as k B T) is the product of the Boltzmann constant, k (or k B), and the temperature, T.This product is used in physics as a scale factor for energy values in molecular-scale systems (sometimes it is used as a unit of energy), as the rates and frequencies of many processes and phenomena depend not on their energy alone, but on the ratio of that energy and kT, that is, on E ...
Boltzmann constant: The Boltzmann constant, k, is one of seven fixed constants defining the International System of Units, the SI, with k = 1.380 649 x 10 −23 J K −1.The Boltzmann constant is a proportionality constant between the quantities temperature (with unit kelvin) and energy (with unit joule).
In physics and chemistry, it is common to measure energy on the atomic scale in the non-SI, but convenient, units electronvolts (eV). 1 eV is equivalent to the kinetic energy acquired by an electron in passing through a potential difference of 1 volt in a vacuum. It is common to use the SI magnitude prefixes (e.g. milli-, mega- etc) with ...
The "kT" constant at 25 °C, a common rough approximation for the total thermal energy of each molecule in a system (0.03 eV) [13] 7–22×10 −21 J Energy of a hydrogen bond (0.04 to 0.13 eV) [11] [14] 10 −20 4.5×10 −20 J Upper bound of the mass–energy of a neutrino in particle physics (0.28 eV) [15] [16] 10 −19 1.602 176 634 × 10 ...