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Delay may differ slightly, depending on the location of the specific pair of communicating endpoints. Engineers usually report both the maximum and average delay, and they divide the delay into several parts: Processing delay – time it takes a router to process the packet header; Queuing delay – time the packet spends in routing queues
Latency is a time delay between the cause and the effect of some physical change in the system being observed. Latency is a result of the limited velocity with which any physical interaction can take place. This velocity is always lower or equal to speed of light.
If the sent data packet as well as the response packet have the same length, the roundtrip time can be expressed as: Roundtrip time = 2 × Packet delivery time + processing delay. In case of only one physical link, the above expression corresponds to: Link roundtrip time = 2 × packet transmission time + 2 × propagation delay + processing delay
Delivery records in the full headers show when each computer received the message. The first delivery is at the bottom; the newest at the top. If you find a large time gap between delivery records, that shows which computer delayed before sending it to the next computer. 1. View the full header by following the steps above. 2.
Processing delay is a key component in network delay. During processing of a packet, routers may check for bit-level errors in the packet that occurred during transmission as well as determining where the packet's next destination is. Processing delays in high-speed routers are typically on the order of microseconds or less.
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TCP BBR – estimates the queuing delay but uses exponential increase. Intentionally slows down periodically for fairness and decreased delay. TCP-Westwood (TCPW) – a loss causes the window to be reset to the sender's estimate of the bandwidth-delay product (the smallest measured RTT multiplied by the observed rate of receiving ACKs). [60]
By David Shepardson (Reuters) -A bipartisan group of 26 senators on Wednesday urged the U.S. Postal Service to pause planned further consolidation to its processing and delivery network, warning ...