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Scoria. Scoria or cinder is a pyroclastic, highly vesicular, dark-colored volcanic rock formed by ejection from a volcano as a molten blob and cooled in the air to form discrete grains called clasts. [1] [2] It is typically dark in color (brown, black or purplish-red), and basaltic or andesitic in composition.
Plumbing – the Maya have been found to be the earliest inventors of plumbing in Mesoamerica, with the earliest example of a pressurized water system being constructed in 750 CE—or earlier. This pressurized water system was located in the Maya site of Palenque, where public baths and toilets were accessible to the residents of the ancient city.
Pumice has been used as a material in personal care for thousands of years. It is an abrasive material that can be used in powdered form or as a stone to remove unwanted hair or skin. In ancient Egypt, it was common to remove all hair on the body to control lice and as a form of ritual purification, using creams, razors, and pumice stones. [30]
Chesebrough began his career as a chemist clarifying lamp oil from sperm oil, a waxy oil found in the heads of sperm whales. The development of coal oil and the discovery of petroleum in Titusville, Pennsylvania , rendered his job obsolete, so he traveled to Titusville to research what new materials might be created from the new fuel.
A cinder cone (or scoria cone [1]) is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic clinkers, volcanic ash, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.
For example, curare, which was an ancient South American arrow poison, was used in the 20th century as the muscle relaxant tubocurarine. [2] Tribesmen conducted various observations on the effects of different plant parts, meaning roots, leaves, etc., on specific wounds.
Oil bodies are the organelle that has evolved to hold triglycerides in plant cells. They are therefore the principal store of chemical energy in oleaginous seeds. The structure and composition of plant seed oil bodies has been the subject of research from at least as far back as the 1980s, with several papers published in the 80s and 90s.
The Red Ocher people were an indigenous people of North America. A series of archaeological sites located in the Upper Great Lakes, the Greater Illinois River Valley, and the Ohio River Valley in the American Midwest have been discovered to be a Red Ocher burial complex, dating from 1000 BC to 400 BC, the Terminal Archaic – Early Woodland period.