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The allo-nursing specifically discusses the idea of breastfeeding other individuals' offspring of both kin and non-kin. Since all-nursing is costly for females, there have been many hypotheses to explain the possible reasons for its evolution. [33] One of the hypotheses is the “neuroendocrine function of allosuckling “(NFA). [34]
Moreover, about 10% of nursing bouts are attributed to allonursing. Allonursing is a widespread, though infrequent, behavior among female wedge-capped capuchins. [ 5 ] Allomothering can also be performed by non-reproductive helpers like in the callitrichids ( marmosets and tamarins ).
"Alloparent" roughly means "other-parent"; from the Greek root "allo-", meaning other. Alloparenting encapsulates a diverse range of parenting systems and behaviours. Simply, it can be understood as a system of parenting where individuals other than a direct genetic parent act in a parental role, either for a short, or extended period of time.
However, some researchers believe that allo-nursing and milk sharing may have been part of our evolutionary past. Evidence of milk sharing history include the wet nursing practices of the 20th century, [33] milk kinship among Islamic tradition, [36] and documentation of allo-nursing in primates species. [33] [37]
Alloimmunity (sometimes called isoimmunity) is an immune response to nonself antigens from members of the same species, which are called alloantigens or isoantigens.Two major types of alloantigens are blood group antigens [1] and histocompatibility antigens.
Her research is credited with having "led the development of women's health as a field of study in nursing science." [3] Woods currently teaches Women's Health Physiology, Research Design for Studying Therapeutics, and Women's Health Issues. [4] Woods helped established the Center for Women's Health Research in 1989 at the University of ...