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Iron-deficiency anemia is mainly caused by blood loss, such as may occur during menses or gastrointestinal hemorrhage.This often results in a depapilled, atrophic glossitis, giving the tongue a bald and shiny appearance, along with pallor (paleness) of the lips and other mucous membranes a tendency towards recurrent oral ulceration, [6] and cheilosis (swelling of the lips). [7]
Median rhomboid glossitis is a condition characterized by an area of redness and loss of lingual papillae on the central dorsum of the tongue, sometimes including lesions of the tongue and palate. It is seen in patients using inhaled steroids and smokers, and is usually a kind of chronic atrophic oral candidiasis , but hematinic deficiency and ...
Geographic tongue is characterized by areas of atrophy and depapillation (loss of papillae), leaving an erythematous (darker red) and smoother surface than the unaffected areas. The depapillated areas are usually well-demarcated, [4] and bordered by a slightly raised, white, yellow or grey, serpiginous (snaking) peripheral zone. [9]
Tongue coating - food debris, desquamated epithelial cells and bacteria often form a visible tongue coating. [7] This coating has been identified as a major contributing factor in bad breath ( halitosis ), [ 7 ] which can be managed by brushing the tongue gently with a toothbrush or using special oral hygiene instruments such as tongue scrapers ...
Lingual papillae, particularly filiform papillae, are thought to increase the surface area of the tongue and to increase the area of contact and friction between the tongue and food. [2] This may increase the tongue's ability to manipulate a bolus of food, and also to position food between the teeth during mastication (chewing) and swallowing.
Transient lingual papillitis is generally diagnosed based on patient presentation, meaning where it is located in the mouth and how big the bump is. [8] The visual presentation can also accompany various signs and symptoms such as difficulty eating, having a "strawberry tongue", increased saliva production, and a burning or tingling sensation. [9]
Macroglossia may be caused by a wide variety of congenital and acquired conditions.Isolated macroglossia has no determinable cause. [5] The most common causes of tongue enlargement are vascular malformations (e.g. lymphangioma or hemangioma) and muscular hypertrophy (e.g. Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome or hemihyperplasia). [3]
The taste buds on the tongue sit on raised protrusions of the tongue surface called papillae. There are four types of lingual papillae; all except one contain taste buds: Fungiform papillae - as the name suggests, these are slightly mushroom-shaped if looked at in longitudinal section. These are present mostly at the dorsal surface of the ...