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In business analysis, PEST analysis (political, economic, social and technological) is a framework of external macro-environmental factors used in strategic management and market research. PEST analysis was developed in 1967 by Francis Aguilar as an environmental scanning framework for businesses to understand the external conditions and ...
Factors affecting organization in Macro environment are known as PESTEL, that is: Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal. Demography refers to studying human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, and occupation. [6]
Environmental governance refers to the processes of decision-making involved in the control and management of the environment and natural resources. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), define environmental governance as the "multi-level interactions (i.e., local, national, international/global) among, but not limited to, three main actors, i.e., state, market, and civil ...
Francis Joseph Aguilar (August 19, 1932 – February 17, 2013) was an American scholar of strategic planning and general management. He joined the faculty of Harvard Business School in 1964 and became a tenured professor there in 1971. [1] He served as consultant to many firms and on the boards of Dynamic Research Corporation and Bentley ...
Industrial process control (IPC) or simply process control is a system used in modern manufacturing which uses the principles of control theory and physical industrial control systems to monitor, control and optimize continuous industrial production processes using control algorithms.
Manufacturing process management (MPM) is a collection of technologies and methods used to define how products are to be manufactured. MPM differs from ERP/MRP which is used to plan the ordering of materials and other resources, set manufacturing schedules, and compile cost data.
Process management originated as part of the manufacturing-based application of statistical quality control movement in the late 1920s and early 1930s. [3] What is relatively new, however, is the transition of process management methods from a manufacturing environment to a total company orientation [ 3 ] and project management.
The Workflow Management Coalition, [6] BPM.com [7] and several other sources [8] use the following definition: Business process management (BPM) is a discipline involving any combination of modeling, automation, execution, control, measurement and optimization of business activity flows, in support of enterprise goals, spanning systems, employees, customers and partners within and beyond the ...