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Sort options and metadata display are limited, though this can be mitigated by changing the view of the current directory when appropriate either using the pointer or a keyboard shortcut and, as in the macOS Finder and file dialogs, metadata can be seen in a preview column when a file is selected instead of a directory
A file system relies on data structures about the files, as opposed to the contents of that file. The former are called metadata—data that describes data. Each file is associated with an inode, which is identified by an integer, often referred to as an i-number or inode number.
Common file attributes supported by Oracle Solaris and illumos systems Attribute Compact flag for ls & chmod Semantics and rationale appendonly: a: Writing to file only allowed in append mode. immutable: i: Prevents any change to file's contents or metadata (except access time): file/directory cannot be written to, deleted, or renamed. nodump: d
Microsoft Windows application shortcuts contain additional metadata that can be associated with the destination, whereas POSIX symbolic links are just strings that will be interpreted as absolute or relative pathnames. Unlike symbolic links, Windows shortcuts maintain their references to their targets even when the target is moved or renamed.
An NTFS symbolic link is not the same as a Windows shortcut file, which is a regular file. The latter may be created on any filesystem (such as the earlier FAT32), may contain metadata (such as an icon to display when the shortcut is viewed in Remove links), and is not transparent to applications.
less is a terminal pager program on Unix, Windows, and Unix-like systems used to view (but not change) the contents of a text file one screen at a time. It is similar to more, but has the extended capability of allowing both forward and backward navigation through the file.
Copy files PDP-7 UNIX crontab: Misc Mandatory Schedule periodic background work System V csplit: Text processing Mandatory Split files based on context PWB UNIX ctags: C programming Optional (SD) Create a tags file 3BSD cut: Text processing Mandatory Cut out selected fields of each line of a file System III cxref: C programming Optional (XSI)
On some systems, Esc must be used instead of Alt, because the Alt shortcut conflicts with another shortcut. For example, pressing Alt + f in Xfce's terminal emulator window does not move the cursor forward one word, but activates "File" in the menu of the terminal window, unless that is disabled in the emulator's settings.