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In the early 1900's, in the US alone, there were several thousand beehive coke ovens employed in making coke. These were typically about 3.6 metres (12 ft) diameter, paired back to back in long banks, enclosed behind an oven high retaining wall and well covered with earth.
The Dunlap coke ovens are the remnants of a coke production facility near Dunlap, in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Built in the early 1900s, the facility consists of five batteries of 268 beehive ovens , which operated under various companies until the early 1920s. [ 1 ]
A coke oven at a smokeless fuel plant, Abercwmboi, South Wales, 1976. The industrial production of coke from coal is called coking. The coal is baked in an airless kiln, a "coke furnace" or "coking oven", at temperatures as high as 2,000 °C (3,600 °F) but usually around 1,000–1,100 °C (1,800–2,000 °F). [2]
The Cherry Valley Coke Ovens consisted of 200 coke ovens built by the Leetonia Iron and Coal Company around 1866, near Leetonia, Ohio, United States. The function of the "beehive" coke ovens was to purify coal and turn it into coke. The coke was burned in furnaces that produced iron and steel.
The beehive-shaped brick ovens are approximately 8 feet (2.4 m) high and 12 feet (3.7 m) in diameter, covered with 6 inches (150 mm) of cement with a small hole on top. A protective 10 feet (3.0 m) high sandstone wall that faced the ovens was removed in the late 1940s, resulting in some erosion of the earth covering the ovens.
[3] [5] Its 1900 asset sheet listed 17 blast furnaces, 3256 beehive coke ovens, 120 Solvay coke ovens, 15 red ore mines, [3] as well an extensive network of railroads, although following the panic of 1893 the company shifted its primary interests from railroads to steel. [2]
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Apart from a few building foundations in the town center, and the railroad tracks at the edge of the now-abandoned town site, Cochran's last (and most notable) remains are five largely intact beehive coke ovens across the Gila River at Butte, Arizona. (These coke ovens are actually from an earlier town that existed before Cochrane came into ...