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Hypophosphorous acid was first prepared in 1816 by the French chemist Pierre Louis Dulong (1785–1838). [4]The acid is prepared industrially via a two step process: Firstly, elemental white phosphorus reacts with alkali and alkaline earth hydroxides to give an aqueous solution of hypophosphites:
HPO 2− 4 ⇌ PO 3− 4 + H +, pK a3 = 12.37. The difference between successive pK a values is sufficiently large so that salts of either monohydrogen phosphate, HPO 2− 4 or dihydrogen phosphate, H 2 PO − 4, can be prepared from a solution of phosphoric acid by adjusting the pH to be mid-way between the respective pK a values.
The term phosphate is also used in organic chemistry for the functional groups that result when one or more of the hydrogens are replaced by bonds to other groups. These acids, together with their salts and esters , include some of the best-known compounds of phosphorus, of high importance in biochemistry , mineralogy , agriculture , pharmacy ...
It reduces solutions of noble metal cations to the metals. When phosphorous acid is treated with a cold solution of mercuric chloride, a white precipitate of mercurous chloride forms: H 3 PO 3 + 2 HgCl 2 + H 2 O → Hg 2 Cl 2 + H 3 PO 4 + 2 HCl. Mercurous chloride is reduced further by phosphorous acid to mercury on heating or on standing:
Making a saline water solution by dissolving table salt in water.The salt is the solute and the water the solvent. In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes.
A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities are on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the entities in both the reactants and the products, and an arrow that points towards the products to show the direction of the reaction. [1]
The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a solution containing a mixture of the two components to the acid dissociation constant, K a of the acid, and the concentrations of the species in solution. [6] Simulated titration of an acidified solution of a weak acid (pK a = 4.7) with alkali
The cyclic polyphosphates, called metaphosphates, include the trimer sodium trimetaphosphate and the tetramer, Na 3 P 3 O 9 and Na 4 P 4 O 12, respectively. Polymeric sodium phosphates are formed upon heating mixtures of NaH 2 PO 4 and Na 2 HPO 4, which induces a condensation reaction. The specific polyphosphate generated depends on the details ...