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Fish typically have quite small brains relative to body size compared with other vertebrates, typically one-fifteenth the brain mass of a similarly sized bird or mammal. [10] However, some fish have relatively large brains, most notably mormyrids and sharks, which have brains about as massive relative to body weight as birds and marsupials. [11]
The first step of nitrification in the biofilter consumes alkalinity and lowers the pH of the system. [11] Keeping the pH in a suitable range (5.0-9.0 for freshwater systems) is crucial to maintain the health of both the fish and biofilter. pH is typically controlled by the addition of alkalinity in the form of lime (CaCO 3) or sodium hydroxide ...
Comprehensive instrumentation and sensor controls are required to monitor this equipment and the underlying water conditions such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Development of recirculating aquaculture systems is still underway in 2017, and engineering advances are needed to make the systems economically viable for culturing most ...
In your list of “most intelligent fish,” the Tiger Oscar is called an African cichlid. That is INCORRECT! That is INCORRECT! Oscars all come from South America waters only, NEVER from Africa.
However, in most cases it is necessary to frequently clean raceways. The simplest way is to lower the water level in the raceway units, which increases the speed of the water current, and then herd the fish together till they flush the waste from the raceway. [17] Solid wastes which accumulate at the raceway bottom can be removed by pumps. [19]
Pond Inoculation: This is the introduction of proper plankton’s species into the pond. PH scale: PH stands for Potential Hydrogen, generally most freshwater fish like a pH value of between 6.5 and 8. For the catfish, acceptable pH value for their pond is between 6.5 and 7.