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Universal basic income pilots are smaller-scale preliminary experiments which are carried out on selected members of the relevant population to assess the feasibility, costs and effects of the full-scale implementation of universal basic income (UBI), or the related concept of negative income tax (NIT), including partial universal basic income and similar programs.
Universal basic income (UBI) [note 1] is a social welfare proposal in which all citizens of a given population regularly receive a minimum income in the form of an unconditional transfer payment, i.e., without a means test or need to perform work.
Arguably the first to propose a system with great similarities to a national basic income in the United States was Thomas Paine, in Agrarian Justice, 1796/1797.His idea was that a few "basic incomes" to young people, in their 20s, financed by tax on heritage, was highly needed and also a matter of justice.
[168] [169] In 2019, Stockton, California became the first city in the U.S. to experiment with UBI, giving $500 debit cards every month to 125 residents who earn less than $46,000 annually. [170] Stockton's mayor announced the UBI project would be extended until January 2021. [171]
If the break-even income would be $3000, after filing the tax report, family A would pay the tax on $1000 while family B would be entitled to receive, assuming the 50% NIT rate, $500. Meaning half of the difference between what they earn and the break-even income.
An example of a payslip from the John Lewis Partnership, showing gross salary, tax and National Insurance paid and yearly bonus entitlement, among other things. A paycheck, also spelled paycheque, pay check or pay cheque, is traditionally a paper document (a cheque) issued by an employer to pay an employee for services rendered.
A very common concern regarding the UBI is whether or not it should be distributed to rich as well to the poor. Most advocates argue that it should be a universal and basic right for every citizen. [16] Its function as a payment to everyone, rich and poor, is the very premise of its universality as opposed to just a basic income.
Universal basic income (Swedish: basinkomst or medborgarlön) has been debated in the Nordic countries since the 1970s.It has mostly been seen as a radical and utopian proposal and not taken seriously by the big political parties.