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In classical electromagnetism, magnetization is the vector field that expresses the density of permanent or induced magnetic dipole moments in a magnetic material. Accordingly, physicists and engineers usually define magnetization as the quantity of magnetic moment per unit volume. [ 1 ]
The magnetization that occurs below T C is an example of the "spontaneous" breaking of a global symmetry, a phenomenon that is described by Goldstone's theorem. The term "symmetry breaking" refers to the choice of a magnetization direction by the spins, which have spherical symmetry above T C, but a preferred axis (the magnetization direction ...
Atomic-level dynamics involves interactions between magnetization, electrons, and phonons. [3] These interactions are transfers of energy generally termed relaxation. Magnetization damping can occur through energy transfer (relaxation) from an electron's spin to: Itinerant electrons (electron-spin relaxation) Lattice vibrations (spin-phonon ...
In quantum mechanics, orbital magnetization, M orb, refers to the magnetization induced by orbital motion of charged particles, usually electrons in solids. The term "orbital" distinguishes it from the contribution of spin degrees of freedom, M spin , to the total magnetization.
The demagnetizing field, also called the stray field (outside the magnet), is the magnetic field (H-field) [1] generated by the magnetization in a magnet.The total magnetic field in a region containing magnets is the sum of the demagnetizing fields of the magnets and the magnetic field due to any free currents or displacement currents.
Seen in some magnetic materials, saturation is the state reached when an increase in applied external magnetic field H cannot increase the magnetization of the material further, so the total magnetic flux density B more or less levels off. (Though, magnetization continues to increase very slowly with the field due to paramagnetism.)
Ampèrian loop model: In the Ampèrian loop model, all magnetization is due to the effect of microscopic, or atomic, circular bound currents, also called Ampèrian currents throughout the material. The net effect of these microscopic bound currents is to make the magnet behave as if there is a macroscopic electric current flowing in loops in ...
The resistance of the crystal lattice to turning its direction of magnetization gives the compound a very high coercivity, or resistance to being demagnetized. The neodymium atom can have a large magnetic dipole moment because it has 4 unpaired electrons in its electron structure [14] as opposed to (on average) 3 in iron. In a magnet it is the ...