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Graphical depiction of contributions to network delay. Network delay is a design and performance characteristic of a telecommunications network. It specifies the latency for a bit of data to travel across the network from one communication endpoint to another. [1] [2]: 5 It is typically measured in multiples or fractions of a second. Delay may ...
The Deep Space Network implemented by NASA is one such system that must cope with these problems. Largely latency driven, the GAO has criticized the current architecture. [3] Several different methods have been proposed to handle the intermittent connectivity and long delays between packets, such as delay-tolerant networking. [4]
Examples are Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) (a technique between layer 2 and 3). Despite these network technologies remaining in use today, this kind of network lost attention after the advent of Ethernet networks. Today Ethernet is, by far, the most popular layer 2 technology.
Delay-tolerant networking (DTN) is an approach to computer network architecture that seeks to address the technical issues in heterogeneous networks that may lack continuous network connectivity. Examples of such networks are those operating in mobile or extreme terrestrial environments, or planned networks in space.
Latency, from a general point of view, is a time delay between the cause and the effect of some physical change in the system being observed. Lag , as it is known in gaming circles , refers to the latency between the input to a simulation and the visual or auditory response, often occurring because of network delay in online games. [ 1 ]
Transmission between two network nodes may be asymmetric, and the forward and reverse delays are not equal. Half the RTT value is the average of the forward and reverse delays and so may be sometimes used as an approximation to the end-to-end delay. The accuracy of such an estimate depends on the nature of delay distribution in both directions.
In case of only one physical link between the sending and transmitting nodes, this corresponds to: Link throughput ≈ Bitrate × Transmission time / roundtrip time. The message delivery time or latency over a network depends on the message size in bit, and the network throughput or effective data rate in bit/s, as:
RTT is a measure of the amount of time taken for an entire message to be sent to a destination and for a reply to be sent back to the sender. The time to send the message to the destination in its entirety is known as the network latency, and thus RTT is twice the latency in the network plus a processing delay at the destination. The other ...