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  2. Titanium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium

    The currently known processes for extracting titanium from its various ores are laborious and costly; it is not possible to reduce the ore by heating with carbon (as in iron smelting) because titanium combines with the carbon to produce titanium carbide. [58] An extraction of 95% pure titanium was achieved by Lars Fredrik Nilson and Otto Petterson.

  3. Chloride process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_process

    The titanium is fed into the process in form of ore together with the coke. Titanium ore is a mixture of oxides. The added O 2 leaves the process with the product TiO 2, the added coke leaves the process together with the added oxygen from the titanium ore in form of CO and CO 2. The other fed metals leave the process in form of metal chlorides ...

  4. Timeline of mining in Colorado - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_mining_in_Colorado

    Colorado Mineral Belt. Colorado mining history is a chronology of precious metal mining (e.g., mining for gold and silver), fuel extraction (e.g., mining for uranium and coal), building material quarrying (iron, gypsum, marble), and rare earth mining (titanium, tellurium).

  5. Titanium production by country - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_production_by_country

    Don't Let Titanium Become The Curse Of Kwale; Opinion by Sam Wainaina, The East African (Nairobi), 18 January 2001; Titanium mining in Mozambique, from Afrol; Sierra Leone titanium mining overview from Project Underground; Mining in Sierra Leone, Encyclopedia of the Nations; MBendi – Republic of South Africa – Heavy Minerals Mining – page

  6. Lists of countries by mineral production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_countries_by...

    3 Metals. 4 See also. 5 References. ... List of countries by coal production: Natural Gas [2] ... List of countries by tin production: Titanium [22]

  7. Mining in Japan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Japan

    Domestic coal mining companies faced cheap coal imports and high production costs, which caused them chronic deficits in the 1980s. In the late 1980s, Japan's approximately 1 million tons of coal reserves were mostly hard coal used for coking. Most of the coal Japan consumed is used to produce electric power. [not verified in body]

  8. Hunter process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_process

    The titanium produced by the Hunter process is in the form of powder called sponge fines. This form is useful as a raw material in powder metallurgy. The main limiting factor for the usefulness of the Hunter process is the difficulty of separating the produced NaCl from the titanium.

  9. Slag - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag

    Slag is mainly a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide. Broadly, it can be classified as ferrous (co-products of processing iron and steel), ferroalloy (a by-product of ferroalloy production) or non-ferrous/base metals (by-products of recovering non-ferrous materials like copper, nickel, zinc and phosphorus). [2]