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Iraq's Muslims follow two distinct traditions, Shia and Sunni Islam. According to the CIA World Factbook , Iraq is approximately 95% to 98% Muslim, with approximately 55% Shia and 40% Sunni. [ 5 ] According to a 2011 survey by Pew Research , 51% of the Muslims identify as Shia and 42% as Sunni. [ 6 ]
Iraq is a country of a wide and varied heritage, home to religious groups such as Muslims, Christians, Jews, Mandaaeans, Yazidis, and ethnic groups such as Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen who have contributed to the wide spectrum of Iraqi Culture. Many markets reflect local culture and economy such as the famous Al-Safafeer market in Baghdad which is ...
The data on the religious affiliation of Iraq's population are uncertain. 95–99% of the population are Muslims. [15] [16] The CIA World Factbook reported a 2015 estimate according to which 36–39% were Sunni Muslims and 61-64% Shia Muslims. [15] According to a 2011 survey by Pew Research, 51% of the Muslims identified as Shia and 42% as ...
Secularism in modern Iraq dates back to the 14 July Revolution of 1958 which overthrew the Kingdom of Iraq's Hashemite dynasty and established the Iraqi Republic. [1] Islam is the official state religion of Iraq, but the constitution, guarantees freedom of religious belief and practices for Muslims, Christians, Yazidis and Sabean-Mandaeans.
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Iraq's culture has a deep heritage that extends back in time to ancient Mesopotamian culture. Iraq has one of the longest written traditions in the world including architecture , literature , music , dance , painting , weaving , pottery , calligraphy , stonemasonry and metalworking .
After the 1987 census, the Iraqi regime started a revenge campaign against those Shabaks who chose to declare themselves Kurdish. [6] The campaign included both deportation and forced assimilation, and many of them (along with Zengana and Hawrami Kurds) were relocated to concentration camps (mujamma'at in Arabic) that were located in the Harir area of the northern Iraq.
Iraq was home to one of the oldest Jewish communities of the Middle East. During the Ottoman period, the Jews were part of society in Iraq. Iraq's first finance minister was Sassoon Eskell, an Iraqi Jew from Baghdad. [74] Almost all Iraqi Jews were transferred to Israel in the early 1950s in Operation Ezra and Nehemiah and the Israeli bombing. [74]