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Deontic logic is the field of philosophical logic that is concerned with obligation, permission, and related concepts. Alternatively, a deontic logic is a formal system that attempts to capture the essential logical features of these concepts. It can be used to formalize imperative logic, or directive modality in natural languages.
Modal logic differs from other kinds of logic in that it uses modal operators such as and .The former is conventionally read aloud as "necessarily", and can be used to represent notions such as moral or legal obligation, knowledge, historical inevitability, among others.
Furthermore, the proof uses higher-order (modal) logic because the definition of God employs an explicit quantification over properties. [11] First, Gödel axiomatizes the notion of a "positive property": [note 2] for each property φ, either φ or its negation ¬φ must be positive, but not both (axiom 2).
Deontic moods are a category of grammatical moods that are used to express deontic modality. An example for a deontic mood is the imperative ("Come!").. However, many languages (like English) have additional ways to express deontic modality, like modal verbs ("I shall help you.") and other verbs ("I hope to come soon."), as well as adverbials (hopefully) and other constructions.
In moral philosophy, deontological ethics or deontology (from Greek: δέον, 'obligation, duty' + λόγος, 'study') is the normative ethical theory that the morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules and principles, rather than based on the consequences of the action. [1]
Doxastic logic is a type of logic concerned with reasoning about beliefs. The term doxastic derives from the Ancient Greek δόξα ( doxa , "opinion, belief"), from which the English term doxa ("popular opinion or belief") is also borrowed.
In logic and philosophy, S5 is one of five systems of modal logic proposed by Clarence Irving Lewis and Cooper Harold Langford in their 1932 book Symbolic Logic. It is a normal modal logic, and one of the oldest systems of modal logic of any kind. It is formed with propositional calculus formulas and tautologies, and inference apparatus with ...
A type of modal logic that incorporates additional syntactic elements to refer directly to worlds in its models, allowing for more expressive power than standard modal logics. hypothetical syllogism A form of logical argument consisting of three propositions: two conditional statements and a conclusion that infers a relationship between the ...