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Elemental germanium is used as a semiconductor in transistors and various other electronic devices. Historically, the first decade of semiconductor electronics was based entirely on germanium. Presently, the major end uses are fibre-optic systems, infrared optics, solar cell applications, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Organic germanium hydrides such as isobutylgermane ((CH 3) 2 CHCH 2 GeH 3) were found to be less hazardous and may be used as a liquid substitute for toxic germane gas in semiconductor applications. Many germanium reactive intermediates are known: germyl free radicals, germylenes (similar to carbenes), and germynes (similar to carbynes).
Organogermanium compounds are used in relatively few commercial applications. Isobutylgermane, a volatile colorless liquid, is used in MOVPE (Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy) in the deposition of Ge semiconductor films. Propagermanium, also known as Ge-132, and spirogermanium are drugs. [citation needed]
In ionizing radiation detection physics, a semiconductor detector is a device that uses a semiconductor (usually silicon or germanium) to measure the effect of incident charged particles or photons. Semiconductor detectors find broad application for radiation protection, gamma and X-ray spectrometry, and as particle detectors.
Germanium dioxide is also used as a catalyst in production of polyethylene terephthalate resin, [13] and for production of other germanium compounds. It is used as a feedstock for production of some phosphors and semiconductor materials. Germanium dioxide is used in algaculture as an inhibitor of unwanted diatom growth in algal cultures
China on Tuesday banned exports to the United States of the critical minerals gallium, germanium and antimony that have widespread military applications, escalating trade tensions the day after ...
SiGe (/ ˈ s ɪ ɡ iː / or / ˈ s aɪ dʒ iː /), or silicon–germanium, is an alloy with any molar ratio of silicon and germanium, i.e. with a molecular formula of the form Si 1−x Ge x. It is commonly used as a semiconductor material in integrated circuits (ICs) for heterojunction bipolar transistors or as a strain-inducing layer for CMOS ...
Prices of antimony, used in semiconductors and military applications, hit all-time highs, currently trading between $39,500-40,000 per metric ton in Rotterdam as of Dec. 31. China's export ban to ...