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Randomly varying channel gains such as fading are taken into account by adding some margin depending on the anticipated severity of its effects. The amount of margin required can be reduced by the use of mitigating techniques such as antenna diversity or multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO). A simple link budget equation looks like this:
In seafaring, under keel clearance (UKC) is the vertical distance between seabed and the keel or hull of a ship. [1] [2] [3] It is used to ensure sufficient navigable water is available for ships at sea.