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The ability of an electrical discharge to cause an explosion in flammable atmospheres is measured by the effective energy of the discharge. The effective energy of brush discharges is 10-20 mJ, much larger than that of corona discharges 0.1 mJ. Therefore, brush discharges are considered an explosion hazard, while corona discharges are not.
Cone discharge, also called bulking brush discharge, occurs over surfaces of charged powders with resistance above 10 10 ohms, or also deep through the powder mass. Cone discharges are not usually observed in dust volumes below 1 m 3. The energy involved depends on the grain size of the powder and the charge magnitude, and can reach up to 20 mJ.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a sudden and momentary flow of electric current between two differently-charged objects when brought close together or when the dielectric between them breaks down, often creating a visible spark associated with the static electricity between the objects.
Along with the similar brush discharge, the corona is often called a "single-electrode discharge", as opposed to a "two-electrode discharge"—an electric arc. [1] [2] [3] A corona forms only when the conductor is widely enough separated from conductors at the opposite potential that an arc cannot jump between them.
IEC 61000-4-2 is the International Electrotechnical Commission's immunity standard on electrostatic discharge (ESD). The publication is one of the basic EMC standards of the IEC 61000–4 series. The European equivalent of the standard is called EN 61000-4-2. The current version of the IEC standard is the second edition dated 2008-12-09. [1]
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An engineering drawing of a Wimshurst machine, from Hawkins Electrical Guide Wimshurst machine in operation Quadruple sector-less Wimshurst machine. The Wimshurst machine or Wimshurst influence machine is an electrostatic generator, a machine for generating high voltages developed between 1880 and 1883 by British inventor James Wimshurst (1832–1903).