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1972 M. George Craford invents the first yellow light-emitting diode. 1972 Herbert Paul Maruska and Jacques Pankove create the first violet light-emitting diode. 1981 Philips sells their first Compact Fluorescent Energy Saving Lamps, with integrated conventional ballast. 1981 Thorn Lighting Group exhibits the ceramic metal-halide lamp.
See also References A amadou Main article: amadou A spongy, flammable substance prepared from bracket fungi. arson Main article: arson The crime of intentionally or maliciously lighting structures, wildland areas, cars or other property on fire. It is the deliberate setting of fires for personal, monetary or political gain. auto reignition Main article: Auto reignition A process used in gas ...
Fire protection engineering is the application of science and engineering principles to protect people, property, and their environments from the harmful and destructive effects of fire and smoke. It encompasses engineering which focuses on fire detection , suppression and mitigation and fire safety engineering which focuses on human behavior ...
Lighting design as it applies to the built environment is known as 'architectural lighting design'. Lighting of structures considers aesthetic elements as well as practical considerations of quantity of light required, occupants of the structure, energy efficiency, and cost. Artificial lighting takes into account the amount of daylight received ...
An optical beam smoke detector is a device that uses a projected beam of light to detect smoke across large areas, [1] typically as an indicator of fire. [2] They are used to detect fires in buildings where standard point smoke detectors would either be uneconomical [3] or restricted for use by the height of the building.
The reflector had found favor where the choices of artificial light provided poor illumination compared to modern electric lighting. Light shelves are an effective way to enhance the lighting from windows on the equator-facing side of a structure, this effect being obtained by placing a white or reflective metal light shelf outside the window. [19]
In many industrial, commercial, and scientific settings, the presence of such an atmosphere is a common, or at least commonly possible, occurrence. Protecting against fire and explosion is of interest for both personnel safety as well as reliability reasons. Several protection strategies exist.
A flame detector is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the presence of a flame or fire, allowing flame detection.Responses to a detected flame depend on the installation, but can include sounding an alarm, deactivating a fuel line (such as a propane or a natural gas line), and activating a fire suppression system.