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The Yamnaya culture [a] or the Yamna culture, [b] also known as the Pit Grave culture or Ochre Grave culture, is a late Eneolithic (Copper Age) to early Bronze Age archaeological culture concentrating in the region between the Southern Bug, Dniester, and Ural rivers (the Pontic–Caspian steppe), but extending to the Carpathian Basin in the west and the Altai Mountains in the east, and dating ...
Early Bronze Age Steppe populations such as the Yamnaya are believed to have had mostly brown eyes and dark hair, [27] [36] while the people of the Corded Ware culture had a higher proportion of blue eyes. [37] [38] A study from 2022 suggested that the skin tone of WSH peoples had brown eyes, brown hair, and intermediate complexions. The ...
The Yamnaya migration from Eastern to Central and Western Europe is understood by Gimbutas as a military victory, resulting in the Yamnaya imposing a new administrative system, language and religion upon the indigenous groups. [63] [c] [d] Reconstructions of a Corded Ware man from the Netherlands and woman from Poland
The ancient Bronze-age-steppe Yamnaya and Afanasevo cultures were found to have a significant ANE-like component at c. 25–50% via their EHG and CHG ancestry. [ 54 ] [ 55 ] According to Moreno-Mayar et al. 2018 between 14% and 38% of Native American ancestry may originate from gene flow from the Mal'ta–Buret' (ANE) population.
The potential issue with that theory is the limited common historical life-time between the Cucuteni–Trypillia (4800–2750 BC) and the Yamnaya culture (3300–2600 BC). At the same time, genetic analyses of Trypillian remains from the CII period of Trypillian chronology indicate a substantial presence of the so-called "steppe" genetic ...
Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe has said that the absence of haplogroup R1a in Yamnaya specimens is a major weakness in Haak's proposal that R1a has a Yamnaya origin. [ 29 ] Semenov & Bulat (2016) do argue for a Yamnaya origin of R1a1a in the Corded Ware culture, noting that several publications point to the presence of R1a1 in the Comb Ware culture .
The samples extracted from the BMAC sites did not have derived any part of their ancestry from the Yamnaya people, who are associated with Proto-Indo-Europeans, although some peripheral samples did already carry significant Yamnaya-like Western Steppe Herders ancestry, inline with the southwards expansion of Western Steppe Herders from the ...
Lighter skin and blond hair also evolved in the Ancient North Eurasian population. [31] A further wave of lighter-skinned populations across Europe (and elsewhere) is associated with the Yamnaya culture and the Indo-European migrations bearing Ancient North Eurasian ancestry and the KITLG allele for blond hair.