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A locked nucleic acid (LNA), also known as bridged nucleic acid (BNA), [1] and often referred to as inaccessible RNA, is a modified RNA nucleotide in which the ribose moiety is modified with an extra bridge connecting the 2' oxygen and 4' carbon. The bridge "locks" the ribose in the 3'-endo (North) conformation, which is often found in the A ...
The H motif is located in the hinge and the ACA motif is located in the tail region; 3 nucleotides from the 3′ end of the sequence. [11] The hairpin regions contain internal bulges known as recognition loops in which the antisense guide sequences (bases complementary to the target sequence) are located.
The AP endonuclease recognizes this sugar and essentially cuts the DNA at this site and then allows for DNA repair to continue. [10] E. coli cells contain two AP endonucleases: endonuclease IV (endoIV) and exonuclease III (exoIII) while in eukaryotes, there is only one AP endonuclease. [11]
Class I AP endonucleases (EC 4.2.99.18) cleave 3′ to AP sites by a β-lyase mechanism, leaving an unsaturated aldehyde, termed a 3′-(4-hydroxy-5-phospho-2-pentenal) residue, and a 5′-phosphate. Class II AP endonucleases incise DNA 5′ to AP sites by a hydrolytic mechanism, leaving a 3′-hydroxyl and a 5′-deoxyribose phosphate residue. [2]
Its favored conformation is at low water concentrations. A-DNAs base pairs are tilted relative to the helix axis, and are displaced from the axis. The sugar pucker occurs at the C3'-endo and in RNA 2'-OH inhibits C2'-endo conformation. [13] Long considered little more than a laboratory artifice, A-DNA is now known to have several biological ...
In one study, the characteristic C3'-endo pucker is found on the first three sugars of the DNA strand, while the last three sugars have a C2'-endo pucker, like B-DNA. [2] These intermediates can form in aqueous solutions when the cytosine bases are methylated or brominated, altering the conformation.
2237 14156 Ensembl ENSG00000168496 ENSMUSG00000024742 UniProt P39748 P39749 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_004111 NM_001271614 NM_001271615 NM_007999 RefSeq (protein) NP_004102 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 61.79 – 61.8 Mb Chr 19: 10.18 – 10.18 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Flap endonuclease 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FEN1 gene. Function The protein encoded ...
Double-stranded DNA phage lysins tend to lie within the 25 to 40 kDa range in terms of size. A notable exception is the streptococcal PlyC endolysin, which is 114 kDa. PlyC is not only the biggest and most potent lysin, but also structurally unique since it is composed of two different gene products, PlyCA and PlyCB, with a ratio of eight PlyCB subunits for each PlyCA in its active conformation.