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1. a herniated disc when other non-surgical treatments have failed. The nucleus pulposus (the jelly-like center of the disc) of the herniated disc bulges out through the annulus (surrounding wall) and presses on the nerve root next to it. 2. degenerative disc disease (spondylosis). The disc consists of about 80% water.
The first design with wide clinical adoption was the Charité disc replacement, designed by East German scientists: two-time Olympic champion in women's artistic gymnastics Karin Büttner-Janz and Kurt Schellnack, a doctor, engineer, and professor—both of whom were affiliated with the Charité Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery at the Medical ...
Degenerative disc disease; Other names: Degenerative disc disorder, intervertebral disc degeneration: Degenerated disc between C5 and C6 (vertebra at the top of the picture is C2), with osteophytes anteriorly (to the left) on the lower portion of the C5 and upper portion of the C6 vertebral body. Specialty: Orthopedics: Risk factors: Connective ...
It is also occasionally indicated in patients with little hope of regaining function but with uncontrolled pain. Postoperative radiation is delivered within 2–3 weeks of surgical decompression. Emergency radiation therapy (usually 20 grays in 5 fractions, 30 grays in 10 fractions or 8 grays in 1 fraction) is the mainstay of treatment for ...
Lumbar disc herniation occurs 15 times more often than cervical (neck) disc herniation, and it is one of the most common causes of low back pain. The cervical discs are affected 8% of the time and the upper-to-mid-back (thoracic) discs only 1–2% of the time. [67]
While conservative approaches for rehabilitation are ideal, some patients will not improve and surgery is still an option. [23] Patients with large cervical disk bulges may be recommended for surgery; however, most often, conservative management will help the herniation regress naturally. [24]
Degeneration caused by years of repetitive mechanical stress can cause the disc of an athlete to be herniated. Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a critical injury for elite athletes that could cause extreme pain and significantly hinder performance. To relieve the pain, athletes usually go through microdiscectomy.
The giraffe's neck is elongated by heterochrony, extension of the time for the embryonic development of these bones. [ 4 ] By convention, the cervical vertebrae are numbered, with the first one (C1) closest to the skull and higher numbered vertebrae (C2–C7) proceeding away from the skull and down the spine.