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Nonetheless, collisions between large asteroids occur and can produce an asteroid family, whose members have similar orbital characteristics and compositions. Individual asteroids within the belt are categorized by their spectra, with most falling into three basic groups: carbonaceous , silicate , and metal-rich .
The asteroid and comet belts orbit the Sun from the inner rocky planets into outer parts of the Solar System, interstellar space. [16] [17] [18] An astronomical unit, or AU, is the distance from Earth to the Sun, which is approximately 150 billion meters (93 million miles). [19]
A further distinction is that comets typically have more eccentric orbits than most asteroids; highly eccentric asteroids are probably dormant or extinct comets. [13] The minor planets beyond Jupiter's orbit are sometimes also called "asteroids", especially in popular presentations.
Asteroids number in the hundreds of thousands. For longer lists, see list of exceptional asteroids, list of asteroids, or list of Solar System objects by size. Asteroid moons; A number of smaller groups distinct from the asteroid belt; The outer Solar System with the giant planets, their satellites, trojan asteroids and some minor planets. Jupiter
A body's closest approach to the Sun is called its perihelion, whereas its most distant point from the Sun is called its aphelion. [53]: 9-6 With the exception of Mercury, the orbits of the planets are nearly circular, but many comets, asteroids, and Kuiper belt objects follow highly elliptical orbits. Kepler's laws only account for the ...
While many asteroids are composed primarily of rock and metal, most Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles (termed "ices"), such as methane, ammonia, and water. The Kuiper belt is home to most of the objects that astronomers generally accept as dwarf planets: Orcus, Pluto, [5] Haumea, [6] Quaoar, and Makemake. [7]
The European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope images 42 asteroids, most larger than 100 kilometres in size. Astronomers reveal sharp detail of asteroids located between Mars and ...
List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun; List of Solar System objects by size; Lists of geological features of the Solar System; List of natural satellites (moons) Lists of small Solar System bodies; Lists of comets; List of meteor showers; Minor planets. List of minor planets. List of exceptional asteroids; List of minor planet ...